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  常见的语法知识点(3-5年级)  
  作者:默默  发布时间:2009-12-12  
 

  一、名词复数规则

  1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds
  2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches
  3.以“辅音字母y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries
  4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives Leaf——leaves
  5.不规则名词复数:

  man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,
  child-children
  foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
  fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese

  写出下列各词的复数

  I_________him_________this___________her______
  watch_______child_______photo________diary______
  day________foot________book_______dress________
  tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____
  peach______sandwich______dish_______bus_______
  man______woman_______


  二、一般现在时

  一般现在时基本用法介绍

  【No.1】一般现在时的功能

  1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

  2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。

  3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

  一般现在时的构成

  1.be动词:主语be(am,is,are)其它。如:

  I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

  2.行为动词:主语行为动词(其它)。如:

  We study English.我们学习英语。

  当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

  【No.2】一般现在时的变化

  1.be动词的变化。
  否定句:主语be not其它。
  如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
  一般疑问句:Be主语其它。
  如:-Are you a student?
  -Yes.I am./No,I’m not.
  非凡疑问句:疑问词一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?

  2.行为动词的变化。
  否定句:主语don’t(doesn’t)动词原形(其它)。如:I don’t like bread.
  当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn’t构成否定句。如:He doesn’t often play.
  一般疑问句:Do(Does)主语动词原形其它。如:-Do you often play football? -Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.
  当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:-Does she go to work by bike? -Yes,she does./No,she doesn’t.

  动词s的变化规则
  1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks
  2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes
  3.以“辅音字母y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:study-studies

  一般现在时用法专练:

  一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数
  drink________go_______stay________make________
  look_________have_______pass_______carry____
  come________watch______plant_______fly________
  study_______brush________do_________teach_______
  wash_______

  二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
  1.He often________(have)dinner at home.
  2.Danie land Tommy_______(be)in Class One.
  3.We_______(not watch)TV on Monday.
  4.Nick_______(not go)to the zoo on Sunday.
  5.______they________(like)the World Cup?
  6.What_______they often_______(do)on Saturdays?
  7._______your parents_______(read)news papers everyday?
  8.The girl_______(teach)us English on Sundays.
  9.She and I________(take) a walk together every evening.
  10.There________(be)some water in the bottle.
  11.Mike_______(like)cooking.
  12.They_______(have)the same hobby.
  13.My aunt_______(look)after her baby carefully.
  14.You always_______(do)your homework well.
  15.I_______(be)ill.I’m staying in bed.
  16.She_______(go)to school from Monday to Friday.
  17.Liu Tao_______(do)not like PE.
  18.The child often_______(watch)TV in the evening.
  19.Su Hai and Su Yang_______(have)eight lessons this term.
  20.-What day_______(be)it today?
  -It’s Saturday

  三、现在进行时
  1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
  2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be动词ing.
  3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
  4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
  5.现在进行时的非凡疑问的基本结构为:

  疑问词不达意be主语动词ing?
  但疑问词当主语时其结构为:
  疑问词不达意be动词ing?
  动词加ing的变化规则
  1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
  2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making,taste-tasting
  3.假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running,stop-stopping

  现在进行时专项练习:
  (一)写出下列动词的现在分词:
  play________run__________swim_________make__________
  go_________like________write_________ski___________
  read________have_________sing________dance_________
  put_________see________buy_________love____________
  live_______take_________come________get_________
  stop_________sit________begin________shop___________

  (二)用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
  1.The boy__________________(draw)a picture now.
  2.Listen.Some girls_______________(sing)in the classroom.
  3.My mother_________________(cook)some nice food now.
  4.What_____you______(do)now?
  5.Look.They_______________(have)an English lesson.
  6.They____________(not,water)the flower snow.
  7.Look!the girls________________(dance) in the classroom.
  8.What is our grand daughter doing? She_________(listen) to music.
  9.It’s 5 o’clock now.We_____________(have)supper now.
  10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes?Yes,she is.

  四、将来时理论及练习
  一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow,next day(week,month,year…),soon,the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
  二、基本结构:①be going to do;  ②will do.
  三、否定句:在be动词(am,is,are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
  例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.

  四、同义句:be going to=will
  I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天).=I will go swimming tomorrow.
  练习:
  填空。
  1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
  I________have a picnic with my friends.
  I________have a picnic with my friends.
  2.我们将要学习英语
  We________learn English.
  We________learn English.

  五、一般过去时
  1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
  2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:
  ⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)
  ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)
  3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
  否定句:didn’t动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
  动词过去式变化规则:
  1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:work__-worked,cook-cooked
  2.结尾是e加d,如:live____lived
  3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
  4.以“辅音字母y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied
  5.不规则动词过去式:
  am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,swim-swam,sit-sat
  过去时练习
  写出下列动词的过去式
  is\am_________plant________are________
  drink_________play_______go________make________
  does_________dance________worry________ask_____
  taste_________eat__________put______
  kick_________pass_______do________
  Be动词的过去时练习(1)
  Name____________No.______Date__________
  一、用be动词的适当形式填空
  1.I_______at school just now.
  2.He________at the camp last week.
  3.We________students two years ago.
  4.They________on the farm a moment ago.
  5.Yang Ling________eleven years old last year.
  6.There________an apple on the plate yesterday.
  7.There________some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
  8.The mobile phone_______on the sofa yesterday evening.
  一、用be动词的适当形式填空
  1.I______an English teacher now.
  2.She_______happy yesterday.
  3.They_______glad to see each other last month.
  行为动词的过去时练习(2)
  Name____________No.______Date__________
  一、用be动词的适当形式填空
  1.I______(watch)a cartoon on Saturday.
  2.Her father_______(read)a news paper last night.
  3.We_________to zoo yesterday,we_____to the park.(go)
  4.______you_______(visit)your relatives last Spring Festival?
  5.______he_______(fly)a kite on Sunday? Yes,he______.
  6.Gao Shan_______(pull)up carrots last National Day holiday.
  7.I____________(sweep) the floor yesterday,but my mother______.
  8.What______she_______(find)in the garden last morning? She__________(find)a beautiful butterfly.

  六、人称代词和物主代词
  主格宾格形容词性名词性
  I   me   my   mine
  you  you  your  yours
  he   him  his   his
  she  her  her   hers
  it   it   its   its
  we   us   our   ours
  they them their  theirs
  习题
  一.用所给词的适当形式填空
  1.That is not_________kite.That kite is very small,but_________is very big.(I)
  2.The dress is_________.Give it to_________.(she)
  3.Is this_________watch?(you)No,it’s not_________.(I)
  4._________is my brother._________name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are_________.(he)
  二、用am,is,are填空
  1.I______a boy.______you a boy?No,I_____not.
  2.The girl______Jack’s sister.
  3.The dog_______tall and fat.
  4.The man with big eyes_______a teacher.
  5.______your brother in the classroom?
  6.Where_____your mother?She______at home.
  7.How_______your father?
  8.Mike and LiuTao______at school.
  9.Whose dress______this?
  10.Whose socks______they?

 
     

     
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