一般将来时
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一般将来时
1) shall用于 第一人称,常被will 所代替,二者都可以缩写成’ll。
will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first.
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
2) be going to +动词原形\地点,表示将来。
a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划,安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。
c. 有迹象要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意:be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
一般将来时
1.一般将来时的基本概念
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。一般将来时由助动词shall(第一人称),will(第二、三人称)+动词原形构成。美国英语则不管什么人称,一律用will。
2.一般将来时的形式
●will 常简略为 ’ll,并与主语连写在一起,如:I’ll,he’ll,it’ll,we’ll,you’ll,they’ll。
●一般疑问句如用will you…?其简略答语须是Yes,I will或 No,I will not;如用 Shall you…?(较少见)其简略答语须是 Yes,I shall.或 No, I shall not.。
3.一般将来时的用法
1)表示将来的动作或状态
一般将来时常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用,如:
tomorrow(明天), next week(下周), from now on(从现在开始);in the future(将来)等。
2)表示将来经常发生的动作。
4.一般将来时的其他用法
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,其表达形式除了“shall(第一人称),will(第二、三人称)+动词原形构成”外,还有以下几种形式。
1)“to be going to+动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。例如:
①It is going to rain. 要下雨了。
②We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我们开会。
2)go, come,start,move,sail,leave,arrive,stay,live,fly,等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作,例如:
I’m leaving for Beijing.
我要去北京。
3)“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。例如:
①Are we to go on with this work?我们继续干吗?
②The boy is to go to school tomorrow.这个男孩明天要去上学。
4)“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作,意为:很快,马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。例如:
We are about to leave.我们马上就走。
5)某些词,如come, go, leave, arrive, start, get, stay ,live,fly等的一般现在时也可表示将来。
①The meeting starts at five o’clock.会议五点开始。
②He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下车
一般将来时的五种表达方法
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一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。常常与表示将来的时间状语连用。常用的表达形式共有五种,现归纳如下:
一、用will或shall表示。“助动词will或shall+动词原形”这一形式,表示将来发生的事情,用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。在口语中will用于所有人称,书面语中第一人称常用shall。如:
1. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天。
2. The rain will stop soon. 雨很快就要停了。
3. Shall we go there at five? 我们五点钟去那儿,好吗?
4. Will you please open the door? 请你把门打开,好吗?
二、用be going to结构表示。“be going to+动词原形”用来表示近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事,意为“打算;就要”。如:
1. We”re going to meet outside the school gate. 我们打算在校门口见面。
2. Look! It”s going to rain. 瞧!快下雨了。
三、用 现在进行时表示。表示位置转移的动词(如:go, come, leave, start, arrive等),可用现在进行时表示将来时。如:
1. Uncle Wang is coming. 王叔叔就要来了。
2. They”re leaving for Beijing. 他们即将前往北京。
四、用 一般现在时表示。根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作,在时间和条件状语从句中,都可用一般现在时表示将来时。如:
1. The new term starts (begins) on August 29th. 新学期八月二十九日开学。
2. If it doesn”t rain tomorrow, we will go out for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨,我们将出去野餐。
五、用“be+动词不定式”或用“be about to +动词原形”的结构表示。如:
1. He is to visit Japan next year. 明年他将访问日本。
2. They”re about to leave. (=They”re leaving.) 他们就要走了。
什么叫做一般将来时
(1)一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。
例如:I will(shall) arrive tomorrow.我明天到。
Will you be free tonight? 你今晚有空吗?
We won’t (shan’t) be busy this evening. 我们今晚不忙。
(2)在一般将来时的句子中,有时有表示将来时间的状语,有时没有时间状语,这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。例如:
Will she come? 她(会)来吗?
We’ll only stay for two weeks. 我们只待两星期。
The meeting won’t last long. 会开不了多久。
(3)在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中,一般使用助动词shall,这时或是征求对方的意见(a),或是询问一个情况(b):
a. Where shall we meet? 我们在哪儿碰头?
b. Shall we have any classes tomorrow?明天我们有课吗?
在这类问句中,近年来也有不少人用will,特别是在美国。例如:
How will I get there? 我怎么去?
(4)be going to+动词原形
a.表示打算、准备做的事。例如:
We are going to put up a building here.我们打算在这里盖一座楼。
How are you going to spend your holidays?假期你准备怎样过?
b.表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。例如:
I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。
There’s going to be a lot of trouble about this. 这事肯定会有很多麻烦。
c.“will”句型与“be going to”句型,前者表示纯粹将来,后者表示打算、计划、准备做的事情,更强调主语的主观意愿。例如:
Tomorrow will be Saturday. 明天是周六了。
We are going to visit Paris this summer.今年夏天我们打算游览巴黎。
一、单项选择。
( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. will be going to B. will going to be
C. is going to be D. will go to be
( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.
A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working
C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work
( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
A. will be; is B. is; is
C. will be; will be D. is; will be
( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
A. was B. is going to have
C. will have D. is going to be
( ) 5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow?
– No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.
A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will
C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be
( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
A. will gives B. will give
C. gives D. give
( ) 7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?
–________. (不,不要。)
A. No, you won’t. B. No, you aren’t.
C. No, please don’t. D. No, please.
( ) 8. – Where is the morning paper?
– I ________ if for you at once.
A. get B. am getting
C. to get D. will get
二、动词填空。
1. I ______(leave)in a minute. I ______(finish)all my work before I ______ (leave).
2. —How long _____ you _____(study)in our country?
—I _____(plan)to be here for about one more year.
—I _____(hope)to visit the other parts of your country.
—What ______ you ______(do)after you ______(leave)here?
—I ______(return)home and ______(get)a job.
3. I ______(be)tired. I ______(go)to bed early tonight.
4. Mary’s birthday is next Monday, her mother _____(give)her a present.
三、句型转换。
1. People in the north often go skating in winter. (next winter)
2. There are two cinemas in that town. (next year)
3. He comes back late.(in two days)
4. She is a conductor of a train.(soon)
参考答案:
一、单项选择。
1. C 2. D 3. D 4.D 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. D
二、动词填空。
1. am leaving ; will finish ; leave
2. will ; study ; plan ; hope ; will ; do ; leave ; will return ; get
3. am ; will 4. will give
三、句型转换。
1. People in the north will go skating next winter.
2. There will be two cinemas in that town next year.
3. He will come back late in two days.
4. She will be a conductor of a train soon.
作业
一、单项选择。
( ) 1. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.
A. will watching B. watches
C. is watching D. is going to watch
( ) 2. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.
A. shall be B. will be
C. shall going to be D. will going to be
( ) 3. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.
A. are having B. are going to have
C. will having D. is going to have
( ) 4. ________ you ________ free next Sunday?
A. Will; are B. Will; be
C. Do; be D. Are; be
( ) 5. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning.
A. will B. is
C. will be D. be
( ) 6. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library?
A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow
C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows
二、动词填空。
1. I am afraid there ______(be)a meeting this afternoon. I can’t join you.
2. Mike ______(believe, not)this until he ______(see)it with his own eyes.
3. Most of us don’t think their team ______(win).
三、句型转换。
1. China is a modern and strong country.(in twenty years)
2. Do you study hard?(from now on)
3. She didn’t speak English at the meeting.(before long)
The keys:
一、单项选择。
1. D 2. B 3. B 4. B 5.C 6. B
二、动词填空。
1. will be 2. won’t believe ; sees 3. will win
三、句型转换。
1. China will be a modern and strong country in twenty years.
2. Will you study hard from now on?
3. She won’t speak English at the meeting before long.
一般将来时:表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,即将发生的的事(通常当前还未发生)。表达形式比较多,应该仔细掌握!(It is going to rain. 天将要下雨了。)
( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month. A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work ( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow? – No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be ( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( ) 7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? –________. (不,不要。) A. No, you won’t. B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’t. D. No, please. ( ) 8. – Where is the morning paper? – I ________ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have
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