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    一般现在时的问题及习题
  作者：默默  发布时间：2008-11-27  

一般现在时

　各位家长好,一般现在时是最常用的语法,若有不清楚的地方，请您阅读下文.
　定义:一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。
　　构成：一般现在时用行为动词的原形，但第三人称单数作主语时，动词的词尾要加-S。（一般的动词词尾+S。以sh/ch/s/x结尾的词+es.以辅音字母Y结尾的把Y变成i，+es。辅音字母+o结尾的+es.)
　　形式:主语+动词原形+宾语
　　用法：1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
　　2.表示主语具备的性格、能力和特征。
　　3.表示现在的状态。
　　4.表示客观事实和普遍真理。
　　5.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。
　　6.表示预先计划或安排好的行为。
　　7.小说故事用一般现在时代替一般过去时。
　　8.有些表示状态和感觉的动词表示现在发生的具体行为时，只用一般现在时，而不用进行时态。
　　9.表示现在发生的具体动作或存在的状态
　　一般现在时的用法：
　　1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
　　时间状语： always, usually,regularly,every morning/night/evening/day/week,often,sometimes,occasionally,from time to time,twice a week,rarely,seldom,once a month hardly ever,never.
　　I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
　　2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
　　The earth moves around the sun.
　　Shanghai lies in the east of China.
　　3) 表示格言或警句中。
　　Pride goes before a fall.　骄者必败。
　　☆注意★：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
　　例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
　　4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
　　I don’t want so much.
　　Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
　　比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.
　　I am doing my homework now.
　　第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
　　5).表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事。
　　He starts next week.
　　他下个星期出发。
　　We leave very soon.
　　我们很快就离开。
　　The train starts at 10 o’clock in the morning.
　　火车将在早上10点开出。
　　这类用法限于表示“移动”的动词：go去，come来，leave离开，start出发，begin开始，
　　arrive到达，take off起飞，等。
　　一般现在时Be动词情况
　　am,is,are也可以做一般现在时的助动词
　　例如:I am a student.
　　一般现在时表将来:
　　1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return,live,fly的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
　　The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
　　When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes.
　　2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：
　　Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.
　　There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.
　　3）在时间或条件句中。
　　When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.
　　I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.
　　4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。
　　I hope they have a nice time next week.
　　Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
　　基本形式(以do为例):
　　主动态:do
　　被动态:be done
　　过去时:did
　　第三人称单数形式:does
1. 我每天六点钟起床。
I ______ _____ _______ six every morning.
2. 我在周末爬山。
I _______ __________ _______ the weekend.
3. 小明经常去远足。
Xiao Ming _________ ________ hiking.
4. 她总是在星期天看望爷爷奶奶。
She _______ __________ her grandparents on Sundays.
5. 你几点上学？
When ________ you go to school?
6. 他什么时候去上班？
When ________ he go to _________?
7. 李云喜欢秋天，不喜欢冬天。
Li Yun _________ autumn, but he _________ like winter.
8. 你最喜欢哪一个季节？
Which ________ season _________ you like best?
9. 他喜欢在湖里游泳，但不喜欢在河边钓鱼。
He ________ _________ swim in the lake, but he ________ like _________ go fishing at the river.
10.你为什么不喜欢夏天？
Why _________ you like summer?

一般现在时

它表示1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now.
2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV.
3)表示客观真理 e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth.

其结构按正常语序，即“主语+谓语+其它”，有时为了起强调作用，时间状语也可提前.

其句式变化可分为两种情况
1)表示动作， 一般人称作主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词don’t；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do。
E.g. They have lunch at 12:00. They don’t have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00?

2） 单三人称做主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesn’t；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词does。
E.g. Jenny speaks English very well.
Jenny doesn’t speak English very well.
Does Jenny speak English very well?

含有be动词的要在be上做变化.
E.g. Danny is a good student.
Danny isn’t a good student.
Is Danny a good student?

其时间状语为often、 usually、 always、 sometimes等频率副词，on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。

做题时常见错误如下：

一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中

例：We are plant (plant) the trees in spring.

答案：plant

解析：学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译，就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的，要看语法是不是正确，在英语中，be是表状态，do是表动作，两种动词不能同时出现在句子中，可记住如下口诀：“英汉语言有差异，be 、do不能放一起，仔细琢磨细分析，语法千万要牢记。”

专项练习：

一、 单选
1 Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital.
A work works B works work C work are working D is working work
2 One of the boys_____ a black hat.
A have B there is C there are D has

3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.
A don’t rain Bdidn’t rain Cdoesn’t rain Disn’t rain

4 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.
A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets

5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.
A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen

6 Jenny____ English every evening.
A has study B studies C study D studied

答案：1 B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B


二、填空

1 I can take Li Ming there when he _____ ( come) to visit.

2 _____your sister_____(know)English?

3Her home____ _____ ______(远离 )her school.

4The pot_____(not look) like yours very much.

5 Where _____you____(have)lunch every day?

6 Who_____(想要 )to go swimming?

7 ______she_____(do) the housework every day?

8 Jenny and Danny usually______(play) games in the afternoon .

答案：1 comes 2 Does know 3 is away from 4 doesn’t look
5 do have 6 wants 7 does do 8 play

二、单三人称形式易出错

例：1 He plaies (play) football very well.

2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.

答案：1 plays 2 goes

解析：1以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es；2与名词变复数不同，变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加es.

三、在句式变换时易出错

例：1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend?

2 Brian doesn’t lives (not live) in China.

答案：1 Does have 2 doesn’t live

解析：单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时，可记住如下口诀：“见助动，用原形”。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g. He didn’t go home yesterday.

四、对do的理解易出错

例：We don’t (not do) our homework in the afternoon.

答案：don’t do

解析：do是一个比较难理解的词，它有三个含义: a)是所有行为动词的总称；b)是助动词，无实义；c)是一个具体的行为动词“做，干”。此句中给出的do指“做，干”，not指把此句变为否定句，故须在do前加助动词don’t。

五、对主语的数判断有误

例： Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing.

答案: is

解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”，但with在此做伴随状语，不能做主语，故用is.

另外，宾语从句中，从句部分若是表示客观真理，不管主句是何时态，从句都要用一般现在时；在时间和条件状语从句中，主句表将来，从句要用一般现在时。
 
我顶 字号: 大 中 小

一、介词填空

1\ the first day ________ school  2\ ________ the school playground     3\ _________ classes      

4\ _________ Wednesday     5\ __________ a farm    6\ pull _________ carrots

7\ a lot _______ fruit trees    8\  live _________ a town   9\ ________ the weekends

10\ _________ the sitting room 11\ ________ the 4th ______ November  12\ look _______ them

13\ _________ the playground  14\ _______ the school hall  15\ ________ New Year

16\ talk _______ his students _______ holidays  17\ _________ Christmas Day

18\ have a big lunch _________ my family  19\ dress _______  _________ costumes

20\ _________ September or October  21\ ________ his grandpa’s house

22\ _________ the Christmas tree  23\ ________ me  24\ __________ Mum and Dad.

25\ _________ English    26\ ________ Christmas  27\ play ________ lanterns

28\ ________ Christmas Day  29\ the names _______ the day  30\ a book ________ holidays

二、变复数

1、policeman  ___________        2、boy  ____________  

3、sweater  _____________   4、family   _____________  

5、bus  _____________      6、postman  _____________

7、box  _____________      8、pencil-box _____________

9、chair  ____________     10、shop ___________________

11. locker _____________     12. city _____________________

13. shelf _______________    14.knife _____________________

三、用代词的适当形式填空。

1、There is a letter for  ________ (her \hers) mother.

2\That is _____ (she ) coat. The coat is red.  ______ (its)is a new one.

3\ Whose pens are these? _______(their) are ______ (we).

4\ Give ______(he) a toy, please.

5\ ________(we) eyes are black. _______ (us) come from Japan.

6\ Tim and Bill are twins. _______ （their）are from England. _________  (them) parents are teachers in No 6 school.

7、Give the book to __________(I ).

8\ These books are __________(we).

四、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。

sit               swim              read                make                run   

write            type                 go                 watch              clean   

cry              wash               jump               come               study

用do does填空（does 用于第三人称单数，其余用do）

1、_____ you ride a bike after school? Yes, I ________.

2\______ your sister like PE? No, she ______ not.

3\ What_______ the students have? They have some pens.

4\ How______ Linda go to school? She goes to school on foot.

5\He ______ not speak English. He speaks Cjinese.

6\ ______ they watch TV on Sundays? Yes, they ______ .

7\ My father and mother ______ not read newspapers on Saturday.

用一般现在时填空。(每句若有两个空要填一般第一个空填do 或does,第二个空填动词原形)

1、  What ______ he _____ (have)?  He ________ (have) a toy plane.

2、  My mother  ________ not________  (like) English. She _______ (like) Chinese.

3、  ______ you ______ (go ) to school by bus? No, I _____ (go) to school by car.

4、  Miss Wang ______ (swim ) every day.

5、  I _____(like) English . Tom ______  _______ _______(not like ) English.

6、  The moon ______ (go) around the earth.

7\When_____ you _______ (go ) to school? I _____ (go) to school at five every day.

五、写出下列动词的现在分词。直接加ing去e加ing 双写加ing

sit               swim              read                make                run              watch              sing               do                jump               come

write            type                go                 ski              clean            study               stop               say                  cry              wash              

用进行时填空。

1\ I ____ _____ (read ) English now.

2 \ He ______ _______ (go) to the park now.

3\ We ________ ________ (have ) an English class.

4\ What ________ they ______ (do ) ? They  _______ ________ (sit) in the park.

5\ My mother __________ ________ (clean ) the room now.

六、写出下列动词的过去式

sit              swim              read              make                 watch                  

sing              do               write              type                  go                

watch            clean             study              stop                  is

cry              wash              jump              come                are

用一般过去时填空

1、I ________(go) to the cinema last Saturday.

2\ He______ (is ) ill yesterday.

3\ We _______ (have ) an Art lesson yesterday.

4\ What ___your uncle ____(do) yesterday morning? He _(read ) English.

5\ She ______  (clean) our classroom yesterday afternoon.

七、用动词的适当形式填空。

1\ My mother _________(wash) the plates in the kitchen every day.

2\ Please _________ (have) some oranges.

3\ It’s seven o’clock. I _______ (get) up now.

4\ School is over. The pupils can _______ (play) games.

5\ ________ you ________ (go) to school every day?

6\ Don’t ________ (run) in the school now.

7\ We ___________ (like) music. Now we _______ (sing)

8\ Let me ____________ (go) to the cinema.

9\ Mary, ________ you ________ (clean ) the table now? Yes.

10\ My hands are dirty. Let me _________(go) and _______ (wash ) them.

11\ Look, Miss White ________(have ) a maths lesson. We _______(like) maths.

12\ The workers _________ (want) some tea. They are thirsty.

13\ Listen, who _________ (speak) English in the park?

14\ The runners __________(run) every morning.

15\ I can ________ (listen ) to the radio on Sunday.
 
     
 
 
     
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